Understanding Endometriosis

Below are some points for understanding endometriosis:

1. Causes: The exact cause of endometriosis is not fully understood, but several theories exist:

• Retrograde Menstruation: Menstrual blood flows backward through the fallopian tubes into the pelvic cavity instead of leaving the body.
• Embryonic Cell Transformation: Hormones such as estrogen might transform embryonic cells into endometrial-like cell implants during puberty.
• Immune System Disorders: Issues with the immune system may prevent the body from recognizing endometrial-like tissue growing outside the uterus.

2. Symptoms: Symptoms can vary widely, but common ones include:

• Pelvic Pain: Often the most significant symptom, typically associated with menstrual cycles.
• Menstrual Irregularities: Heavy periods (menorrhagia) or bleeding between periods.
• Pain During Intercourse: Discomfort during or after sex.
• Pain with Bowel Movements or Urination: Especially noticeable during menstrual periods.
• Infertility: Some women find out they have endometriosis when seeking treatment for infertility.
• Other Symptoms: Fatigue, diarrhea, constipation, bloating, and nausea.

3. Diagnosis: Diagnosis can be challenging and often involves:

• Medical History and Physical Exam: Discussing symptoms and pelvic examination.
• Imaging Tests: Ultrasound or MRI to identify cysts associated with endometriosis.
• Laparoscopy: A surgical procedure that allows direct visualization of the pelvic organs and can confirm the diagnosis through biopsy.